Discuss the causes of high rates of population growth

After growing very slowly for most of human history, the worlds population more than doubled in the last half century, crossing the six billion mark in late 1999. Furthermore, world population is still increasing by about 78 million people a year, despite the trend worldwide towards smaller families. Total population size is likely to continue to grow for at least the next 40 years and by at least another 1.5 billion people. Almost all of this growth is occurring in the developing regions, while most industrialised countries are growing very slowly or not at all, and in some countries the population size is even declining. However, these developed countries make up just one fifth of the worlds population and consequently have little†¦show more content†¦In developing countries such as Malawi in South Africa, agriculture is still heavily relied on, especially at subsistence level. This means that women do not have their own careers and traditionally their role is to bear and raise children, so they do not postpone having children in order to concentrate on their career, thus increasing birth rates. The strong dependence on agriculture also means that a large labour force is required so people have more children in order to support themselves. This results in high birth rates of 56.3 per 1000, much higher than replacement levels, meaning that the rate of population increase is also high at 35.7 per 1000 per annum. Countries such as this, including Jordan and Pakistan, which have annual rates of increase at around 3% are likely to see their population size double by 2025. The need for so many children to work to support a family at subsistence level means that a large proportion of the population is at the age where they should be in education, with 74% of Malawis population being below the age of 29. Not only is there not enough facilities to support this amount of students, but many children are required to keep working to support their families, especially as bad weather and natural disasters such as cyclones and floods have devastated harvests, resulting in terrible food shortages. For these reasons, just 3.4% of the population has received secondary and higher education, meaning that there are veryShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Population Growth On The Steady State Of The Solow Growth Model1502 Words   |  7 Pages The effects of population growth on the steady-state of the Solow growth model INTRODUCTION As the creation of neo-classical economic growth model pioneer, Solow growth model creates a new breakthrough in terms of the theoretical model in the reality and plays an important role in study in long-run economic growth model. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of population growth on the steady-state and growth rates of the Solow growth model. The structure of this essay isRead MoreSustainability Position Paper : Natural Resources And Technology1652 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop economic growth. This essay will discuss natural resources and overpopulation and how they will affect the coming future. Natural Resources and Sustainability Natural resources are raw materials that occur naturally on Earth. These resources are not manmade, they are used and altered into a way that is beneficial for the survival of our planet. A few examples of natural resources are: air, coal, oil, minerals, water etc. Natural resources are being used for economic and social growth. However,Read MoreSocial Consequences Of China One Child Policy723 Words   |  3 Pagesimprovement, the policy has caused some serious social consequences. The New England Journal of Medicine s article The Effect of China s One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years discuss the social consequences of Chinas One child policy. The One child policy in china begin when Chinese governments viewed population containment as a benefit for living and economic improvement. They created a one child policy that limits the size of families, the policy also includes regulations regarding marriageRead MoreThe Solow Growth Model By Robert Solow1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe Solow growth model was created by Robert Solow and was introduced to show how factors of production and advances in technology effect the nation’s total output. The model is made up of two components being the production and investment functions. This essay will discuss the possible effects, aspects and traits that an increase in population will have on the steady-state of the Solow growth model. This analysis will be followed by the effects of population growth on the growth rates in the modelRead MoreThe Scope Of Population Ecology1637 Words   |  7 Pages1. Define the scope of population ecology. †¢ The scope of population ecology is the study of populations in relation to the environment, including environmental influences on population density and distribution, age structure, and variations in population size. 2. Distinguish between population and density. †¢ Population is a group of individuals of the same species occupying a good given area, like the population of America. Population density is the number of individuals in some specified areaRead MoreEssay about irish economy1322 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Topic 1 Revision 1. Discuss one measure of the Irish Economy’s openness to the international economy. 2. Briefly outline the initial approach to economic policy pursued by the Cumann na nGeadheal government after independence in 1922? Employed a very conservative approach and continued on with the policies that had existed pre independence. Kept parity with sterling given that 97% of Irish Exports were to the U.K. Elevated the promotion of agriculture as the main policy priority. Low tax and lowRead MorePopulation Growth Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pages Population Growth Over time, human population has increased and unfortunately has caused a lot of problems to the economy as well as to the environment. Many of the issues that population growth has affected are climate changes, consumption and waste, family planning, poverty, food and hunger, and changes to the economy. According to data researched by the United Nations, â€Å"the world population will reach 8 billion to 10 billion by the year 2030† (Livi-Bacci: 1992:31-32 cited in Robbins, 2010:130)Read MoreThe Federal Reserve Is The Central Banking Institution Of The United States Of America1725 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. Created in 1907 following a severe economic crisis, the Federal Reserve uses a variety of tools to promote growth, reduce instability, and prevent crises in the American economy. In general, the Federal Reserve accomplishes these goals by using their influence to maximize national employment, control inflation and interest rates, and increase national GDP. Before we di scuss the Fed in any further depth, we will first review some of these basic economic concepts that are essential for understandingRead MoreUrbanization Of China s Urbanization1639 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Urbanization has greatly impacted China in many ways. There is a huge demanding population for communities in these largely populated cities like Shanghai and Beijing, there will have to be urbanization. While urbanization in megacities is a positive solution because it brings development to the country, China should try to reduce the urbanization of megacities because it effects humans and the earth, it causes traffic congestion and it is a huge example of why we have air pollution. ThereforeRead MoreBio Frq1509 Words   |  7 Pagescritical to proteins in that it determines the amino acid sequence, and the primary structure of the peptide chain. Lastly, the ionic bond, it is a charged R group that determines whether the protein structure would be tertiary, or quaternary. (b) Discuss how the structure of a protein affects the function of TWO of the following. †¢ Muscle contraction †¢ Regulation of enzyme activity †¢ Cell signaling Enzymes bind to their substrates at a specific point called the active site. The regulation of enzyme

Capitalism The Cause Of Slavery In The American S Essay Example For Students

Capitalism: The Cause Of Slavery In The American S Essay outhThe American South, had a socialsystem which was distinct in many ways. There was an economy relative to theregion, where class structure and a system of racial differences which causedthe South to become unique to the rest of the nation. Historians such as JamesHenretta have said that Capitalism was the cause of all evil within the AmericanSouth. American Capitalism defined by Max Weber is a greed for gain, andacquisition by force, whether directly in war or in the form of exploitationof subjects. This type of lifestyle within a growing nation could not workwith the gentry class which was moving into the region unless there was peopleto do the work on the farms for them. At first there were indentured servants,but this system of work only worked for a limited time as these servants wouldwork their time of servitude and then leave on their own. The American farmerin the south needed more control on their workers and needed to know that they( the workers ) werent going to just le aveand start up their own farm forthemselves. Thus the manipulation of slave labor became the answer for capitalism,and from the use of black slave labor, tension began to rise between the slavesbrought from Africa, and the land holders of the South. Tension betweenSlaves and land owners have been strong in the South for many years, and onemight say that the cause of it is the ways of which the Black slaves of plantationsand farms were treated. The founders of the Carolina colonies were not onlyinterested in the use of slaves in the solution of their labor problems oftoo much work not enough workers, but they had a very big material interest. The use of slave labor, was a coerced, cash-crop system of labor from whichslavery became an economic necessity because for a person who owned land theyneeded workers, and these workers were predominantly Negro slaves brought insold from Africa. To southern colonists, slavery was first an economic institutionsolely for the purpose of solving an economic problem, that problem workcost too much money so the colonists implemented forced labor for economicgain. So slavery provided the basis for a special Southern economic and sociallife which had continued on until the Civil war. The special economic lifewhich the people of the South lived upon was one of greed for expansion andgain. Capitalism at its best, and the Southern colonies were very good at it. Lewis C. Gray defined the southern plantation as a capitalistic type of agriculturalorganization in which a considerable number of unfree laborers were employedunder a unified direction and control in the production of a staple crop. The plantations were mostly one crop oriented, cotton or tobacco, and thislead to cash crops rather than supplying for the colonies themselves. The plantationgentry or Masters as they were called by the slaves, never thought of the bigpicture involving cash crops, only their own well being and how much moneythey were going to make whether physical force was used or not. Slavery andthe plantation system led to agricultural methods that depleted soils and theslavery system forced the South to exploit more slave labor as a means of betterproduction rather than the realization of worn-out lands. Such a labor systemin the South aggravated and caused very deep problems between the Master andhis slaves. Slavery established the basis of the planters position and power. .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .postImageUrl , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:hover , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:visited , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:active { border:0!important; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:active , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homelessness EssayIt measured his affluence, marked his status, and supplied leisure for socialgraces and aristocratic duties.The road of power in the South lay throughthe plantation and the Master would see to it that his or her plantation bethe best. Great planters held enormous power in the southern colonies, theyspent much of their free time in leisure, educational pursuits, and participationin public life; George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both were within thisgroup of people. Most planters were also very active entrepreneurs, who wouldengage in quick profit type situations which would help them make more moneyon top of the plantation profits made for them by the ir slaves. Although theirmain means of money and profit was the forced labor unit of slavery on theplantations, these other quick scheme ideas forced planters into believingthat slave holding was more profitable. Therefore an increase in the amountof slaves doing work on plantations was evident due to its profitabilityfor planters and farmers and the control on labor. Controlling laborin the South, became an entity upon which no plantation could survive without. The Southern Master had many slaves who he expected to do enormous amountsof work all for the Masters gain. Consequently a capitalistic lifestyle hadabsorbed and encouraged slavery. The resultant fortunes for which Plantersand Farmers had flow into their pockets, was because of slavery and slave-holding. A small commercial bourgeoisie was created from slavery and the ideology ofcapitalism was the root of construction. Perhaps if it werent for capitalismand the expansion by British gentry slavery caused by capitalism would neverhave happened.Words/ Pages : 818 / 24

Success of Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

Success of Reconstruction Essay Reconstruction was the time period following the Civil War, which lasted from 1865 to 1877, in which the United States began to rebuild. The term can also refer to the process the federal government used to readmit the defeated Confederate states to the Union. While all aspects of Reconstruction were not successful, the main goal of the time period was carried out, making Reconstruction over all successful. During this time, the Confederate states were readmitted to the Union, the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments were ratified, and African Americans were freed from slavery and able to start new lives. One of the first goals of Reconstruction was to readmit the Confederate states into the Union, and during the debate in Congress over how to readmit the states, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were ratified. We will write a custom essay on Success of Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The United States had three different presidents between 1865 and 1877, who all had different opinions as to how the actions of readmitting the states should be carried out. President Lincoln devised the Ten Percent Plan in an effort to get the Confederate states to rejoin the Union. In Lincolns plan, all Confederates, other than high-ranking officials, would be pardoned if they would swear allegiance to the Union and promise to obey its laws. Once ten percent of the people on the 1860 voting lists took the oath of allegiance, the state would be free to form a state government, and would be readmitted to the Union. Many of the Republicans in Congress were angered by this plan, because they believed that it was too lenient. After President Lincoln was assassinated, Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency with a new plan, which became known as Presidential Reconstruction. In Johnsons plan, all of the Confederate states would be readmitted to the union if each state would declare its secession illegal, swear allegiance to the Union, and ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery. To the Radical Republicans, Johnsons plan seemed no better than Lincolns because it failed to address the needs of former slaves in three prominent areas: land, voting rights, and protection under the law. Confederates states, however, readily committed to the conditions put forth in the Presidential Reconstruction plan, and were readmitted to the Union. A few years later, the Reconstruction Act of 1867 was passed, which did not recognize the governments formed under Lincoln and Johnsons plans. Through the Reconstruction Act, Tennessee was the only former Confederate State recognized as having been readmitted to the Union because it had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment. In order for the rest of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union through the Reconstruction Act, each state had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, also. The Republicans introduced the Fifteenth Amendment after the election of 1868 because they feared that Pro-Confederate Southern whites might try to place limits on black suffrage. In order to prevent this, the Fifteenth Amendment states that no one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Through the different plans that were proposed by the three different Presidents in office during the Reconstruction period, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed, which were great successes of the Reconstruction period. Reconstruction was also successful in helping to improve the lives of former slaves. After the Civil War, African Americans were allowed to make everyday decisions and take control of their lives. While in bondage, slaves were not allowed to travel without permission, attend school, marry legally, or live and work as they chose. .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .postImageUrl , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:hover , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:visited , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:active { border:0!important; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:active , .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390 .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1ae95d0267eea3cb83a7786ce741390:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander The Great Essay When slaves were first freed, they faced the decision of whether to stay where they were or not. The majority of African Americans took advantage of their freedom, but their reasons for moving were not simply because they were testing their freedom. Many former slaves were eager to leave the plantations because they associated them with the oppression of the slave system. Former slaves also decided to travel because of their desire to track down family members. Many African American families had been split apart because of slavery spouses lived on different plantations, and children were separated from their parents. The Freedmans Bureau worked t o reunite families, and African Americans printed .

A Scene I Will Never Forget Essay Example

A Scene I Will Never Forget Essay Example A Scene I Will Never Forget Essay A Scene I Will Never Forget Essay Have you ever been to wedding that Just makes you want to cry and say I am so happy for you? I did and that was when my sister got married a year ago. This was like a fairytale but even better. As my sister was getting ready for her wedding. My mother was going around taking pictures of everybody that was going to be In her wedding. It was Like everyone was running around like a chicken with their heads cut off. Everyone was doing their hair and make-up and it was as If they did not know which way to go because everyone wanted to look their best In my sisters wedding. Once that part was over with It was time to head out to the Thompson House to have a wedding. When we got their all the bridesmaid and the bride ran upstairs to get there dresses on, so that they could take pictures before the wedding started. All the bridesmaids looked beautiful. I thought that this wedding was going to turn out pretty good. When everyone got to the wedding, it was time to start. The groomsmen walked the parents down the aisle, then it was the ring barrier and the lower girls turn to walk out. After that, it was the bridesmaids and groomsmen turn to walk out. Finally y sister came out she looked gorgeous. The groom looked as if he wanting to cry and his eyes were going to pop right out of his head. Once the I dos where said it was time to catch the bouquet. My sister and my new brother in law had their dance and then my dad and sister had their dance. I loved seeing my sister so happy. It was like fantasy that came right out of a book, but this one was for real. I never thought that a wedding could have made someone cry about something so beautiful and happy. It sure made me do both. Overall the wedding was amazing and I will never forget it happened.

Tattoos, Red Ink, and Sensitivity Reactions

Tattoos, Red Ink, and Sensitivity Reactions If you have a red tattoo, youre more likely to experience a reaction than if you went with another color. Heres an e-mail I received about tattoo inks:Does all red ink have nickel in it? I was told by the tattoo artist that if I cant wear inexpensive jewelry I should not use red ink in a tattoo. I cannot. Whatever metal or whatever is in the ink would cause the same reaction I get to inexpensive jewelry. That would cause a problem. She will not use it on me. Would this be the same for pink or orange or any color with any amount of red in it? Someone else who has had numerous tattoos told me they never heard of that and she reacts to inexpensive jewelry.My response:Id trust the tattoo artist over someone who has numerous tattoos, since she is more likely to know the composition of the ink and whether or not her clients have had trouble with a particular color. Another artist might offer different advice and may use an ink with a different chemical composition. Key Takeaways: Reactions to Red Tattoo Ink Any tattoo ink has the potential to cause a reaction. The risk derives from any of a number of components in the ink, including the pigment, the carrier, and chemicals added to keep the suspension sterile.Red and black inks produce the highest reported number of reactions. The pigment in these inks may be linked to problems.The most toxic red pigment, cinnabar (HgS), is a mercury compound. Its use has largely been phased out.Organic pigments are less likely to cause reactions or interfere with medical diagnostic tests. However, they degrade over time. Some molecules produced from degradation include carcinogens. Why Red Tattoo Ink Causes Reactions The issue with the color red is the chemical composition of the ink. In particular, it has to do with the nature of the pigment used for the color. The carrier for the ink (the fluid part) may also play a part, but it is more likely to be common to other colors. Some reds contain iron. Iron oxide is a red pigment. Basically, its powdered rust. While it may not cause a reaction, its a rusty-red rather than a vivid red. Iron oxide inks (which also include some brown inks) may react to the magnets in an MRI scan. Small particles, particularly in red and black inks, have been known to migrate from the site of the tattoo to the lymph nodes. Not only can migrated pigment molecules cause health issues, but they may also appear abnormal on medical diagnostic tests. In one case, a woman with extensive tattoos had 40 lymph nodes removed because a PET-CT scan mistakenly identified the migrated tattoo pigment as malignant cells. Brighter red pigments include toxic metals, such as cadmium or mercury. Fortunately, the mercury sulfide red pigment, called cinnabar, has been largely phased out of ink formulations. Cadmium red (CdSe) remains in use and may cause redness, itching, flaking, and other problems. Organic pigments cause fewer reactions than the metal-based reds. These include the azo pigments, such as Solvent Red 1. Solvent Red 1 does not cause as many issues as iron, cadmium, or mercury reds, but it can degrade into o-anisidine, a potential carcinogen. Degradation occurs over time from ultraviolet light exposure (from sunlight, tanning beds, or other sources) or from bacterial action. Azo pigments like Red Solvent 1 also degrade when a tattoo is removed using a laser. While red ink is well-known for causing sensitivity reactions there are other colors made by mixing red. The more dilute the pigment (like in orange or pink) the lower the chance of a reaction from the red component, yet the risk is still present. Sources Engel, E.; Santarelli, F.; Vasold. R., et al. (2008). Modern tattoos cause high concentrations of hazardous pigments in skin. Contact Dermatitis. 58 (4): 228–33. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01301.xEverts, Sarah (2016). What chemicals are in your tattoo? CEN Volume 94, Issue 33, p. 24–26.MÃ ¶hrenschlager M, Worret WI, KÃ ¶hn FM (2006). Tattoos and permanent make-up: background and complications. (in German) MMW Fortschr Med. 148 (41): 34–6. doi:10.1007/bf03364782Thompson, Elizabeth Chabner (July 2015). Tattoo Ink or Cancer Cells?. Huffington Post.

Prepare an international marketing environment analysis report for Essay

Prepare an international marketing environment analysis report for Australia - Essay Example The benefits of adoption of technology are reduced costs, new products and higher quality. Australia has a strong financial regulations and institutions which makes the business environment healthy. Introduction Australia is a country which comprises of the mainland of Australian continent, Tasmanian Island and smaller islands. It is sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It is a developed country and also one of the wealthiest of countries in the world. It is presently the world’s 12th largest economy. Australia has achieved second-highest human development index globally. It has achieved good performance in many vital statistics like health, quality of life, protection of civil liberties, economic freedom and political rights. Australia has a high urbanized population. In terms of trade Australia has given major emphasis on exporting manufactured goods. For more than 50 years, Australia has been facing a large current account deficit. For more than 15 years their GDP has grown by over 3.6% which is satisfactory as compared to other OECD average of 2.5%. During financial downturn in 2008-2009, Australia was the only advanced economy which had not been affected. But being a global economy Australia faced the effect because their trades with other countries got affected. It was during 2012 to early 2013, Australia faced major recession in some non-mining states. Inflation rate in Australia has been under control averaging about 2-3%. The major sector which contributes to the GDP is tourism, education, economy, financial services. They contribute about 70% of GDP to Australia’s economy. Australia’s major export includes agricultural products, like wool, wheat, minerals etc. International marketing environment in Australia The important factors of International marketing environment of Australia are as follows: Political environment Australia is a liberal-capitalistic democracy. Through government interference, they can decide the a mount of importation taxes to be imposed to protect the domestic economy. They can also create an environmental protection laws to protect the natural heritage of the country. It will automatically affect the Australian economy, since it will affect the amount of trade which takes place and also the exchange rates faced by it. With the global financial meltdown the Australian economy slowed down. The Australian economy is expected to grow due to its demand for raw materials from China. Since Australia exports vastly in iron ore and other agricultural products, the recession had comparatively less effect on them. Economic Environment Australia is lies between Antarctica and Asia. It has Indian Ocean to the west, Arafura, Timor and Coral Seas to the north, The Tasman Sea and the Southern Ocean to its south and finally Pacific Ocean to its east. This shows that Australia is at a strategic advantage in terms of exports and imports. But much of the country is dry, low and flat. Due to th is harsh physical environment people live close to the fertile coastal areas. Everyone wants to own home, and hence the nation has a high number of home ownership rates (Mulligan, 1996, p. 453). Hence the real

The comparison between Renren and Facebook Literature review

The comparison between Renren and Facebook - Literature review Example The government of China has been long trying to keep tight control over traditional as well as new social media platforms so that the political authorities are not challenged in any way (Boyd and Ellison, 2008). The government uses strict monitoring systems, jailing of bloggers, journalists or social activists and shutting down of websites and publications (Gorman, 2005). There has been a growing dissatisfaction among the young and emerging social groups in China. Most of these groups want higher flexibility in search sites and liberal policies for publications and online social media sites. This has led to anti social activities such as people getting involved in media censorship in China and that has in turn created pressure on the government. The Chinese have been demanding information and this is a testing phase for the age-old control of Chinese authorities over media (Hansen, 2010). Media censorship has been playing an influential role in the political evolution in Chinese gove rnance. However, with the rise in globalization and China becoming an integral part of the global economy, the political as well as the policy making authorities are trying to balance their goal of maintaining power by controlling content and satisfying the need for more information (Kiesler et al., 2002). The government fears that the consistent need for freedom and information might have to force them to open gates which the policies were trying to lock for so long (Zizi and Alan, 2000). Another concern is that while providing more information to the people the government might lose control over that crucial information which has been holding the overall government’s control and avoiding downfall of the regime (Bennett, 2013). Even though Chinese government allows sharing of information and media access, the government has been keen on maintaining strict laws and rules. The major concern comes in guarding the secrets of the state. The Chinese government has recently announc ed modifications in its state secret law policies in order to gain tight control over information flow. No doubt, social media sites like Google, Facebook, Tumbler and Twitter have been banned as a result of mass flow of information and ideas (O'Rourke IV, Harris and Ogilvy, 2007). Many critics have argued that the definition of these vague secret laws is itself contradictory. Thus, the rules of punishment and illegal obligations are sometimes despised. Revenue Sources for Social Media Networks In general there are two major sources of income for the company. It includes: IVAS (Value Added Services from Internet):- The source of revenue of IVAS is mainly from online applications and games. Most of the revenues are gathered from the online purchase of games, applications and other virtual items. Other revenues are earned from the application developers and merchants who offer their services and products in different websites. Furthermore, exclusive and VIP membership are few other ar eas from where the online firm earns substantial amount of money. Online Advertising: - Online advertisements are also another segment from which the company earns a substantial amount of revenue. This is achieved by a number of different advertisements. The advertisements are positioned ain suitable place at the front page or the interface. The advertisements are mainly charged according to the time and place where they are positioned in the